Quail-Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) Integrated Farming: Bioconversion Efficiency, Economic Viability, and Farmers’ Perception Toward Circular Agriculture

Pria Sembada; Gilang Ayuningtyas; Danang Priyambodo; Puguh  Pangestu; Adinda Dwina Agustin

doi:10.51852/5c6bw519

Authors

Pria Sembada IPB University
Gilang Ayuningtyas Sekolah Vokasi, IPB University
Danang Priyambodo Sekolah Vokasi, IPB University
Puguh Pangestu Sekolah Vokasi, IPB University
Adinda Dwina Agustin Sekolah Vokasi, IPB University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51852/5c6bw519

Keywords:

Black Soldier Fly Larvae, circular economy, integration, quail farm, sustainability

Abstract

Integration farming of quail with Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) has the potential to support a circular economy and offer various benefits for future sustainability. To promote sustainable farming systems, it is essential to examine farmers' perceptions and the factors that influence their adoption of such systems. The objective of this study was to understand the bioconversion of BSFL with quail excreta as substrate, the potential of integrated farming models, and farmers' perceptions of BSFL. This research was conducted from July 2023 to March 2024. The BSFL bioconversion data were collected through observational studies and measurement techniques. Production and economic performance data, along with farmers' perceptions, were obtained through a combination of observation, surveys, and in-depth interviews with 11 quail farmers. The collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and comparative methods, employing the statistical software MS Excel and SPSS 22. The findings indicated that the combination of organic phenolics added to quail feed and fermented excreta as a substrate for BSFL yielded the optimal bioconversion value. Another notable finding is that integrated quail farming yields enhanced economic performance due to its ability to generate added value. However, it is essential to note that farmers exhibited varying degrees of knowledge and perceptions regarding BSFL. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of enhancing production performance, as well as economic, social, and environmental sustainability, by fostering a circular economy through an integrated approach of quail farming with BSFL. However, it is crucial to note that educational and training programs, as well as mentorship related to the technical aspects of quail-BSFL production, in conjunction with financial assistance, are essential to augment the adoption rate of this integrated approach.

References

Abdel-Wahab, A.A. and Mosad, A.S. (2018) ‘Effect of Adding Pomegranate Peels to Growing Japanese Quail Diet on Performance, Blood and Immunity Parametrs’, Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeds, 21(3), pp. 771–782.

Akanni, K.A. and Benson, O.B. (2014) ‘Poultry Wastes Management Strategies and Environmental Implications on Human Health in Ogun State of Nigeria’, Advances in Economics and Business, 2(4), pp. 164–171. Available at: https://doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2014.020402.

Andaruisworo, S., Nur Solikin, Erna Yuniati, Ardina Tanjungsari, Anifiatiningrum, Dino Fadilah Fanani and Siti Nailil Ngazizah (2024) ‘Strategy for Development of Laying Quail Farming In The Manunggal Livestock Group Binangun District Blitar Regency’, Jurnal Ternak, 15(2), pp. 24–43. Available at: https://doi.org/10.30736/jt.v15i2.245.

Ayantola, K.J. and Imole, P.O. (2022) ‘Effect of Solid Fermentation on Physicochemical and Microbial Compositions of Poultry Droppings for Biofertilizer’, Asian Soil Research Journal, pp. 25–35. Available at: https://doi.org/10.9734/asrj/2022/v6i3111.

Ayuningtias, G., Alfiyyah Yasmin, F., Sembada, P., Priyambodo, D., Fit Rayani, T., Priyo Purwanto, B., Rizky Awaliyah, I., Nurfitriani, D., Aulya Afgani, N., Pangestu, P., Khoirunnisa, L. and Dwina Agustin, A. (2024) ‘Evaluasi Produksi Maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) pada Media Ekskreta Puyuh Periode Layer-Evaluation Of The Production Of Black Soldier Fly (Bsf) Maggots in Quail Excreta Media During the Layer Period’, Jurnal Agroekoteknologi dan Agribisnis, 8(2), pp. 94–111.

Aziz, S., Aufa, A.A., Setiawan, H., Qodriyah, I.N., Ulama, U.N. and Giri, S. (2023) Budidaya Biokonversi Larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) dan Puyuh Petelur dalam Pengolahan Sampah Organik untuk Pelestarian Lingkungan pada Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) Desa Pacul Kabupaten Bojonegoro, JPMD: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Desa. Available at: https://ejournal.iaifa.ac.id/index.php/jpmd.

Bahtiar, R. and Kamelia, K. (2023) ‘Ekonomi Sirkular dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Organik Menggunakan Lalat Tentara Hitam’, Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 29(1), pp. 68–74. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.29.1.68.

Bayram, I., Uguz, C., Ozdemir, M., Erdogan, M., Togan, I., Iscan, M. and Lenger, O.F. (2007) The effects of nonlphenol on growth, egg production and hatching results in the quail.

Beesigamukama, D., Mochoge, B., Korir, N., Menale, K., Muriithi, B., Kidoido, M., Kirscht, H., Diiro, G., Ghemoh, C.J., Sevgan, S., Nakimbugwe, D., Musyoka, M.W., Ekesi, S. and Tanga, C.M. (2022) ‘Economic and ecological values of frass fertiliser from black soldier fly agro-industrial waste processing’, Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 8(3), pp. 245–254. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2021.0013.

Citra, V.K., Hermana, W. and Mutia, R. (2019) ‘Organ Pencernaan dan Status Escherichia coli Usus Puyuh yang Diberi Tepung Defatted Maggot (Hermetia illucens) sebagai Pengganti Meat Bone Meal (Digestive Organs and Status of Escherichia coli in Quail Intestine Given Defatted Maggot (Hermetia illucens) Meal as a Substitute For Meat Bone Meal)’, Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI), Juli, 24(3), pp. 237–246. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.24.3.237.

Fathurohman, R., Bakar, A. and Fitria, L. (2014) ‘Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Peternakan Burung Puyuh di Daerah Pasir Kawung Cileunyi Kabupaten Bandung’, Reka Integra, 2(3).

Fitrihidajati, H., Ratnasari, E., Isnawati and Soeparno, G. (2015) ‘The Quality of Fermented Ruminant Feed Made from Common Water Hya-cinth (Eichornia crassipes) ’, Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 7(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3535.

Guan, Y., Lv, H., Wu, G., Chen, J., Wang, M., Zhang, M., Pang, H., Duan, Y., Wang, L. and Tan, Z. (2023) ‘Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Reducing the Content of Harmful Fungi and Mycotoxins on the Quality of Mixed Fermented Feed’, Toxins, 15(3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030226.

Hanifah, F.N., Soepranianondo, K., Soeharsono, Al Arif, A., Lokapirnasari, W.P., Harijani, N., Hadijah, S. and Hutabarat, M.R.T. (2019) ‘Performa Produksi dan Analisis Usaha Puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica) yang Diberi Substitusi Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) pada Pakan Komersil Production Performance and Economic Analysis of Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Given Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) as Commercial Feed Substitution’, Jurnal Sain Veteriner, 37, pp. 219–226. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.

Hatab, M.H., Ibrahim, N.S., Sayed, W.A. and Sabic, E.M. (2020) ‘Potential value of using insect meal as an alternative protein source for Japanese quail diet’, Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Avicola / Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 22(1), pp. 1–10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0700.

Koly, J.S., Uddin, J. and Hasan, A. (2023) ‘Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Used as Poultry Feed and its Nutritive Value Analysis: A Review of Article’, 5(4). Available at: www.ijfmr.com.

Kusumah, M.S. (2023) ‘Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.): Agen Biokonversi Produk Samping Industri Kelapa Sawit dan Pemanfaatannya dalam Produksi Minyak dan Protein’, Warta PPKS, 28, pp. 115–131.

Makinde, O.J. (2015) ‘Maggot Meal: A Sustainable Protein Source for Livestock Production-A Review’, Online), 31. Available at: www.iiste.org.

Malovanyy, M., Kanda, M., Paraniak, R., Odnorih, Z. and Tymchuk, I. (2021) ‘The Strategy of Environmental Danger Minimization from Poultry Farms Waste’, Journal of Ecological Engineering, 22(5), pp. 229–237. Available at: https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/135317.

Martin-Collado, D., Díaz, C., Benito-Ruiz, G., Ondé, D., Rubio, A. and Byrne, T.J. (2021) ‘Measuring farmers’ attitude towards breeding tools: the Livestock Breeding Attitude Scale’, Animal, 15(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2020.100062.

Mawaddah, S., Hermana, W. and Nahrowi, N. (2018) ‘Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Deffated Larva BSF (Hermetia illucens) terhadap Performa Produksi Puyuh Petelur (Coturnix coturnix japonica)’, Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan, 16(3), p. 47. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29244/jintp.16.3.47-51.

Mohapatra, S.S., Suganya, G., Leela, V. and Latha, B.R. (2023) ‘Economic Evaluation of Magmeal for Quail Feed as a Remunerative Poultry Feed in India’, Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika [Preprint], (Of). Available at: https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap602.

Naser El Deen, S., van Rozen, K., Elissen, H., van Wikselaar, P., Fodor, I., van der Weide, R., Hoek-van den Hil, E.F., Rezaei Far, A. and Veldkamp, T. (2023) ‘Bioconversion of Different Waste Streams of Animal and Vegetal Origin and Manure by Black Soldier Fly Larvae Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)’, Insects, 14(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14020204.

Nurdin, A., Bahar, F.F., Laura, W. and Kumalasari, D. (2024) ‘Pelatihan Pengembangan Maggot BSF Menjadi Pakan Hewan Yang Bergizi dan Ekonomis’, JURPIKAT (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat), 5(1), pp. 120–128. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37339/jurpikat.v5i1.153.

Olutegbe, N.S. and Ojuoluwa, O. (2022) ‘Overcoming Social Barrier to Adoption of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as a Protein Source for Poultry: How Tall Is the Order?’, in. MDPI AG, p. 73. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/iocag2022-12321.

Rehman, A., Hussain, J., Mahmud, A., Javed, K., Ghayas, A. and Ahmad, S. (2022) ‘Productive performance, egg quality, and hatching traits of Japanese quail lines selected for higher body weight and egg number’, Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 46(2), pp. 322–335. Available at: https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0128.4180.

Sajid, Q.U.A., Asghar, M.U., Tariq, H., Wilk, M. and Płatek, A. (2023) ‘Insect Meal as an Alternative to Protein Concentrates in Poultry Nutrition with Future Perspectives (An Updated Review)’, Agriculture (Switzerland). MDPI. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13061239.

Santos, T., Murakami, A., Fanhani, J. and Oliveira, C. (2011) Production and Reproduction of Egg-and Meat-type Quails Reared in Different Group Sizes.

Sembada, P., Ayuningtyas, G., Priyambodo, D., Kurniawan, F.A., Dewi, S.P., Kusumanti, I., Inayah, A.K., Wibiksana, F. and Syahfitri, A.E.N. (2022) ‘Peningkatan Performa Teknis dan Ekonomi Peternakan Ayam Lokal IPB D1 yang Diberikan Tepung Larva Black Soldier Fly’, Jurnal Agroekoteknologi dan Agribisnis, 6(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.51852/jaa.v6i2.560.

Shafa, N.N., Sembada, P., Kusumanti, I. and Ayuningtyas, G. (2024) ‘Farmers’ Perception of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Manggot as an Alternative Protein Source Feedstuffs’, in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Institute of Physics. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1359/1/012048.

Sinaga, A.R., Sembada, P., Ayuningtyas, G., Kusumanti, I., Bachtiar, W. and Riyanti, L. (2024) ‘Integrated model to support a sustainable farming system: utilization of Black Fly Soldier (BSF) as bioconversion agent’, in BIO Web of Conferences. EDP Sciences. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202412303001.

Tang, J., Chen, J., Chen, D., Li, Z., Huang, D. and Luo, H. (2022) ‘Structural Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Microbiota Related to Fermentation Ability and Alcohol Production Ability in Nongxiang Daqu’, Foods, 11(17). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11172602.

Ta’wim, A.A., Artini, W., Andajani, W. and Nina Lisanty (2024) ‘Kelayakan Usaha Ternak Burung Puyuh di Kecamatan Prambon Kabupaten Nganjuk’, JINTAN : Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian Nasional, 4(1), pp. 61–69. Available at: https://doi.org/10.30737/jintan.v4i1.5290.

Tresna Winanti, P., Ahmad Safei, A., Luk Atin Marfuah, L. and Djati, G. (2022) Peran Pimpinan Pusat Pelatihan Quail Farm Dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat, Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam.

Vinderola, G., Cotter, P.D., Freitas, M., Gueimonde, M., Holscher, H.D., Ruas-Madiedo, P., Salminen, S., Swanson, K.S., Sanders, M.E. and Cifelli, C.J. (2023) ‘Fermented foods: a perspective on their role in delivering biotics’, Frontiers in Microbiology, 14. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1196239.

Wahyuri, M., Rahmadani, E. and Elfawati, D. (2014) ‘Manajemen Teknis Produksi Peternakan Puyuh (Studi Kasus Di Peternakan Masagena Kecamatan Tenayan Raya)’, Jurnal Peternakan, 11(1), pp. 8–21.

Widyaswara, A., Soetiarso, L., Dwi Prasetyatama, Y. and Hapsari, U. (2022) The Effect of Media on Nutritional Content of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Larva in SITTI Technology System (Integration System-Plant-Livestock-Fish).